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Steven Vaughn
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LIPI & Koica Tintis Bioetanol Generasi Kedua
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Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) bekerjasama dengan Korea International Cooperation Agency (Koica) tengah mengembangkan bioetanol generasi kedua. Targetnya, produksi bioetanol dengan kapasitas 10 liter per hari pada 2012.
"Pengembangan biodiesel generasi kedua berasal dari lignoselulosa yang teknologi prosesnya sangat sulit sehingga perlu mendapat perlakuan khusus," terang Peneliti Utama Bioetanol Biomassa Lignoselulosa Pusat Penelitian Kimia LIPI Yanni Sudiyani pada workshop bertajuk "Integrated Sustainable Development Technology of Bioenergy" di Jakarta, Kamis (18/8).
Saat ini teknologi pengembangan bioetanol yang menjadi campuran bahan bakar premium generasi kedua masih terbilang mahal.  "Berbeda dengan bioetanol generasi pertama yang dihasilkan dari pati, misalnya dari tanaman singkong, tebu atau jagung yang teknologi prosesnya mudah, bioetanol generasi kedua berasal dari lignoselulosa yang teknologi prosesnya sangat sulit khususnya di masa perlakuan awal atau pretreatment," kata Yanni.
Ia pun menjelaskan, lignoselulosa adalah salah satu sumber energi biomassa yang potensial, berasal limbah pertanian atau limbah industri.ÂÂ
Penggunaan bioetanol sebagai bahan bakar mempunyai beberapa keunggulan, di antaranya kandungan oksigen yang tinggi sehingga jika dibakar sangat bersih, serta ramah lingkungan karena emisi gas karbon monoksida lebih rendah 19 hingga 25 persen dibanding BBM sehingga tidak memberikan kontribusi pada akumulasi karbon dioksida di atmosfer. (national.geographic.co.id)
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